DNA-Based Platform for Halal Authentication and Combat Food Threat

Abstract

The molecular recognition of a particular DNA target is essential not only for the development of new drugs, forensic research, and medical diagnostics but also for Halal authentication. Halal food products are those that are prepared in accordance with Islamic Shariah law while also being hygienic. Food safety plays an essential role in determining Halal foods, such as wholesome (safety, cleanliness, nutrition, and quality) food, in addition to the required Syariah regulation of halal food for Muslims.  Thus, food authentication is an increasing concern and an integral part of ensuring quality foods that comply with religious faith. Furthermore, "zoonotic threats" such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bovine species) and H5N1 virus (avian species) have tremendously intensified the need for foods to secure human health. Muslim or non-Muslim consumers will benefit from purchasing Halal foods when their rights are protected by preventing fraudulent admixing and microbial threats. Depending upon the way the sequence in the genome varies, DNA-based biomarkers can recognize the distinction between different types of animal or microbial species. The detection of a particular DNA target has led to the development of a variety of different platforms such as polymerase chain reaction molecular fluorophores-based and nanoparticle-based assay. Therefore, this paper is aimed at describing the DNA-based platform to protect the consumer's right to prevent food fraud and ensure safe Halal food.